A Self-Supervised Learning Framework for Under-Sampling Pattern Design Using Graph Convolution Network

Purpose@#To generate the under-sampling pattern using a self-supervised learning framework based on a graph convolutional network. @*Materials and Methods@#We first decoded the k-space data into the graph and put it into the network. After the processing of graph convolution layers and graph pooling layers, the network generated the under-sampling pattern for MR reconstruction.We trained the network on the simulated brain dataset enabled by the selfsupervised learning strategy. We did simulation along with the in vivo brain and liver experiments under different noise levels and accelerating factors to compare the performance between the proposed method and traditional methods using the PSNR and SSIM index. @*Results@#The simulation experiments showed that the proposed method can achieve the best performance with low accelerating factors (2 and 3) at all noise levels and in high accelerating factors (4 and 5) at high noise levels (50 and 70 dB). In in vivo experiments, the proposed method attained the highest PSNR and SSIM in the brain dataset as well as in the liver dataset after fine tuning on a small liver dataset. @*Conclusion@#The self-supervised learning framework based on a graph convolutional network was able to design the under-sampling mask for MR reconstruction. The superior performance in the simulation and in vivo experiments demonstrated the feasibility and flexibility of the proposed method and its potential in clinical use.

Perinatal COVID-19: a case report / 中华围产医学杂志

We hereby reported the diagnosis,treatment process and perinatal outcome of a patient with COVID-19 in perinatal period.The pregnant woman delivered a boy by cesarean section at 37+2 gestational weeks due to severe liver dysfunction.She subsequently had a high fever 2 days later,and COVID-19 was confirmed by nucleic acid test in a throat swab.After a 12-day isolation and support treatment,her two consecutive throat swab results for 2019 novel coronavirus turned negative and she was discharged.The 2019 novel coronavirus was tested in the patient's blood,urine,breast milk as well as the neonatal throat swab,and the results were all negative.The neonate had an elevated myocardial enzyme,but was otherwise well and was discharged after 14-day isolation.

A Self-Supervised Learning Framework for Under-Sampling Pattern Design Using Graph Convolution Network

Purpose@#To generate the under-sampling pattern using a self-supervised learning framework based on a graph convolutional network. @*Materials and Methods@#We first decoded the k-space data into the graph and put it into the network. After the processing of graph convolution layers and graph pooling layers, the network generated the under-sampling pattern for MR reconstruction.We trained the network on the simulated brain dataset enabled by the selfsupervised learning strategy. We did simulation along with the in vivo brain and liver experiments under different noise levels and accelerating factors to compare the performance between the proposed method and traditional methods using the PSNR and SSIM index. @*Results@#The simulation experiments showed that the proposed method can achieve the best performance with low accelerating factors (2 and 3) at all noise levels and in high accelerating factors (4 and 5) at high noise levels (50 and 70 dB). In in vivo experiments, the proposed method attained the highest PSNR and SSIM in the brain dataset as well as in the liver dataset after fine tuning on a small liver dataset. @*Conclusion@#The self-supervised learning framework based on a graph convolutional network was able to design the under-sampling mask for MR reconstruction. The superior performance in the simulation and in vivo experiments demonstrated the feasibility and flexibility of the proposed method and its potential in clinical use.

Maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19: a systemic review / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To fully understand the maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 and explore the evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission of 2019-nCoV by analyzing clinical and laboratory information in peer-reviewed publications on COVID-19 in pregnant women.Methods:PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Academic Journals, and Wanfang Databases were searched to retrieve articles on COVID-19 in pregnancy published from December 1, 2019, to April 9, 2020. In addition, the World Health Organization COVID-19 Database and the reference lists in each included article were also searched. All included cases were positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid with maternal and neonatal outcomes regardless of delivery or not. Clinical manifestations, perinatal and neonatal outcomes were analyzed systematically.Results:This study reviewed 29 publications involving 146 pregnant women who tested positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid and their 116 newborns (including two twins). Five cases of severe COVID-19 and three cases of unidentified type that were admitted to ICU for treatment were severe symptoms, accounting for 5.5% (8/146) of all cases. Totally, 69.9% (102/146) of the women underwent cesarean section and 8.2% (12/146) gave birth vaginally. Thirty (20.5%) women continued their pregnancies. One case (0.7%, 1/146) terminated the pregnancy at 26 weeks of gestation due to bidirectional affective disorder and one (0.7%, 1/146) received artificial abortion at 6 weeks of gestation. Fever (58.2%, 85/146) and cough (32.9%, 48/146) were the most common symptoms. However, 15.8% (23/146) of the pregnant women were asymptomatic on admission and symptoms appeared or became worse after delivery in 20.5% (30/146). Lymphocytopenia (49.6%, 56/113) and elevated C-reactive protein (58.4%, 66/113) were the main laboratory findings. The most common computed tomography (CT) finding was bilateral multiple patchy ground-glass opacity in lungs (79.7%, 94/118). The outcomes of 92.2% (107/116) of the newborns were good, and the rest 7.8% (9/116) showed different abnormalities of varying degrees. Among the nine newborns, six showed different degrees of dyspnea, cyanosis and vomiting including one died of multiple organ failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation; one tested positive for viral nucleic acid 36 hours after birth; one was stillbirth due to unknown reason, but intrauterine vertical transmission was excluded; one neonatal death in a critically ill mother undergoing cesarean delivery.Conclusions:Pregnant women are less likely to progress to severe COVID-19 and mostly have a good outcome. Despite reports of adverse neonatal outcomes, evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission of 2019-nCoV remains insufficient.

Perinatal novel coronavirus infection: a case report / 中华围产医学杂志

We hereby reported the diagnosis, treatment process and perinatal outcome of a patient with novel coronavirus infection in perinatal period. The pregnant woman delivered a boy by cesarean section at 37+2 gestational weeks due to severe liver dysfunction. She subsequently had a high fever 2 days later, and novel coronavirus infection was confirmed by nucleic acid test in a throat swab. After a 12-day isolation and support treatment, her two consecutive throat swab results for novel coronavirus turned negative and she was discharged. The novel coronavirus was tested in the patient's blood, urine, breast milk as well as the neonatal throat swab, and the results were all negative. The neonate had an elevated myocardial enzyme, but was otherwise well and was discharged after 14-day isolation with normal myocardial enzyme.

Surface modification of PGP for a neutrophil-nanoparticle co-vehicle to enhance the anti-depressant effect of baicalein

Exploiting cells as vehicles combined with nanoparticles combined with therapy has attracted increasing attention in the world recently. Red blood cells, leukocytes and stem cells have been used for tumor immunotherapy, tissue regeneration and inflammatory disorders, and it is known that neutrophils can accumulate in brain lesions in many brain diseases including depression. -Acetyl Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) peptide shows high specific binding affinity to neutrophils through the CXCR2 receptor. In this study, PGP was used to modify baicalein-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PGP-SLNs) to facilitate binding to neutrophils . Brain-targeted delivery to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) was demonstrated by enhanced concentration of baicalein in the BLA. An enhanced anti-depressant effect was observed and The mechanism involved inhibition of apoptosis and a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase release. Behavioral evaluation carried out with rats demonstrated that anti-depression outcomes were achieved. The results indicate that PGP-SLNs decrease immobility time, increase swimming time and climbing time and attenuate locomotion in olfactory-bulbectomized (OB) rats. In conclusion, PGP modification is a strategy for targeting the brain with a cell-nanoparticle delivery system for depression therapy.

Blood Vessel and Intraplaque Hemorrhage Simultaneous Imaging Sequence in Evaluation of the Integrity of Willis Circle / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To investigate the value of simultaneousnon-contrast angiographyand intra-plaquehemorrhage (SNAP) in assessing Willis circle integrity of the brain using three-dimensional time of flight (TOF) MRA as a reference. Materials and Methods According to the inclusion criteria, a total of 62 patients with stroke symptoms within 3 months were collected. All patients underwent head SNAP and TOF on Philips 3.0T MR scanner. TOF and SNAP were treated respectively at the Philips workstation using maximum and minimum intensity projections to generate non-enhanced MRA images which were, afterwards, interpreted using blind reading to determine the presence or absence of individual blood vessels in the circle of Willis. In order to assess the consistency of the interpretation, all images were interpreted again 2 weeks later to avoid memory bias. Finally, The consistency of the two interpretations was analyzed, and the ability of SNAP and TOF in evaluating the integrity of Willis circle was compared. In addition, for 15 patients with VISTA images, the plaque of Willis circle vascular wall was evaluated using SNAP and VISTA images to compare their evaluation ability. Results The results of the first and second interpretations of SNAP and TOF were highly consistent. The arteries with exactly the same interpretation included left anterior cerebral artery A1 (LA1), right anterior cerebral artery A1 (RA1), left posterior cerebral artery P1 (LP1) and right posterior cerebral artery P1 (RP1) (Kappa=1.000). The results in terms of left posterior communicating artery (LPCoA) (Kappa=0.926 and 0.924, respectively), right posterior communicating artery (RPCoA) (Kappa=0.931 and 0.732, respectively) and integrity (Kappa=0.815 and 0.816, respectively) were relatively consistent, while there was a relatively low consistency in terms of anterior communicating artery (ACoA) (Kappa=0.640 and 0.675, respectively). In evaluating the constituent vessels of the circle of Willis and its integrity, SNAP and TOF showed good consistency. Vessels with identical SNAP and TOF interpretations include LA1, RA1, LP1, and RP1 (Kappa=1.000). The interpretation consistency of the two imaging techniques on LPCoA (Kappa=0.852 and 0.848), RPCoA (Kappa=0.796 and 0.796, respectively), and integrity (Kappa=0.701 and 0.742, respectively) was relatively high. While the consistency of SNAP and TOF in terms of ACoA was slightly lower (Kappa=0.680 and 0.714, respectively). In assessing the plaque of Willis circle vascular wall, the evaluation results of SNAP and VISTA were consistent. Conclusion As a non-enhanced angiography technique, the magnetic resonance SNAP sequence can well evaluate the integrity of Willis circle, as well as the presence or absence of plaque on Willis circle vascular wall.

Differentiation of Non-puerperal Mastitis from Breast Carcinoma with Non-mass-like Enhancement by Texture Analysis of Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To investigate the feasibility of texture analysis of breast contrastenhanced magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating non-puerperal mastitis and breast carcinoma with non-mass-like enhancement in order to prevent misdiagnosis of nonpuerperal mastitis.Materials and Methods In this retrospective study,the contrastenhanced MRI images of 42 female patients of invasive ductal carcinoma with non-masslike enhancement and 30 female patients of non-puerperal mastitis were analyzed.3234 texture features were generated from manually selected region of interest (ROI) of normal breast tissue and breast lesions.By means of genetic algorithm and linear discriminative analysis,10 texture features were selected based on their stability and accuracy in breast tissue classification.Results With these 10 features,the linear discriminative analysis classifiers had sensitivity of 92.9％ and specificity of 90.0％ in classifying two lesions,and accuracy of 89.6％ in classifying all three types of tissue.The result showed that texture analysis successfully differentiate non-puerperal mastitis and breast carcinoma with nonmass-like enhancement.Conclusion Texture analysis demonstrates the ability of differentiating invasive ductal carcinoma with non-mass-like enhancement,non-puerperal mastitis and normal breast tissue,and provides reliable results for clinical diagnosis.

Influences of statin treatment on MR vessel wall imaging-observed characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque in the thoracic aorta in the elderly / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the influences of statin treatment on MR vessel wall imagingobserved characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque in the thoracic aorta of the elderly.Methods Elderly subjects (≥ 60 years) without any serious cerebro-cardiovascular diseases were recruited.Thoracic aorta was imaged on MR scanner for all the subjects.The plaque burden was calculated quantitatively,the composition of plaque in thoracic aorta was evaluated qualitatively,and the contributions of statin treatment to these characteristics were also compared by image interpretation personals.The thoracic aorta was divided into three segments (AAO:ascending aorta;AOA:aortic arch,and DOA:descending aorta)on the imaging.Results Totally 55 recruited subjects had atherosclerotic plaque in thoracic aorta,with 24 subjects receiving statin treatment,and 50 ％ (12/24) male,aged 73.8±6.3 years.The level of LDL C[(2.4±0.7)mmol/L vs.(3.1±0.8)mmol/L(P＜ 0.01)]and total cholesterol[(4.4±0.6)mmol/L vs.(5.1 ±1.0)mmol/L(P＜0.01)]were significantly lower in statin group than in non-statin group.The lumen area,wall area,and total vessel area in all three segments of thoracic aorta were significantly smaller in statin group(all P＜0.05)than in nonstatin group.The average wall thickness in segment of AOA[(2.7±0.3)mm vs.(2.8±0.4)mm(P＜0.01)]and DAO[(2.5±0.4)mm vs.(2.6±0.5)mm(P＜0.01)]were smaller in statin group than in non-statin group.The incidence rate of intraplaque hemorrhage / mural thrombus [6 cases (25.0％) vs.8 cases(25.8 ％)]in thoracic aorta was a little lower in statin group than in non-statin group,with no significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusions Statin treatment decreases LDL-C level,reduces the burden of atherosclerotic plaque in thoracic aorta,and maintains the atherosclerotic plaque stability.

Fasudil reduces formation of urethral stricture after injury via inhibiting Rho/ROCK pathway activation in rabbit urethra fibroblasts / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the role of Rho-associated kinase ( ROCK) inhibitor fasudil in the formation of rabbit urethral stricture after injury and to observe the cell activity , migration and extracellular matrix synthesis in the rabbit urethra fibroblasts.METHODS:The rabbit model of urethral stricture was established by microsurgical techniques .The rabbits were divided into sham operation group , operation group and fasudil (3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg) groups.The diameter of the stenosis was measured by retrograde urethrography 3 months after surgery .The fibroblasts were isolated from urethral scar, and then incubated with fasudil (12.5 μmol/L, 25 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L) in the presence of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1, 10 μg/L).The untreated cells were used for control .The cell activity was measured by MTT assay.The cell migration ability was tested by the method of Transwell chambers .The protein expression of ROCK , α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) , collagen I and collagen III was determined by Western blot analysis .RESULTS:Fasudil significantly reduced formation of urethral stricture after injury (P<0.05).Cultured rabbit fibroblasts with different con-centrations of fasudil inhibited the cell activity and cell migration ability (P<0.05).The protein expression of ROCK,α-SMA, collagen I and collagen III was also inhibited by treatment with fasudil in a dose -dependent manner ( P<0.05 ) . CONCLUSION:Fasudil inhibits the formation of extracellular matrix and reduces the incidence of urethral stricture after injury by down-regulating TGF-β1-induced Rho/ROCK pathway activation in the rabbit urethra fibroblasts .

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) stimulates invasion and metastatic colonization of ovarian cancer cells through Rac activation / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanisms of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in stimulating invasion and metastatic colonization of ovarian cancer cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The metastatic ability in vivo of ovarian cancer SK-OV3, HEY, OVCAR3, and IGROV1 cells was determined in tumor-bearing nude mouse models. Matrigel assay was used to detect the changes of response in vitro of ovarian cancer cells to LPA after Rac(-) or Rac(+) adenovirus treatment. LPA-induced Rho GTPase activation was detected by GST-fusion protein binding assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The peritoneal metastatic colonization assay showed overt metastatic colonization in mice receiving SK-OV3 and HEY cell inoculation, indicating that they are invasive cells. Metastatic colonization was not detected in animals receiving OVCAR3 and IGROV1 cells, indicating that these cells are non-invasive cells. In the matrigel invasion assay, exposure to LPA led to a notably greater migratory response in metastatic SK-OV3 and HEY cells (Optical density: SK-OV3 cells: 0.594±0.023 vs. 1.697±0.049, P<0.01; HEY cells: 0.804±0.070 vs. 1.851±0.095, P<0.01). But LPA did little in the non-metastatic OVCAR3 and IGROV1 cells (Optical density A: OVCAR3 cells: 0.336±0.017 vs. 0.374±0.007, P>0.05; IGROV1 cells: 0.491±0.036 vs. 0.479±0.061, P>0.05). LPA migratory responses of ovarian cancer cells were closely related to their metastatic colonization capabilities (r = 0.983, P<0.05). Rac(-) blocked the LPA response of invasive SK-OV3 and HEY cells (LPA-induced fold increase of cell migration: SK-OV3 cells: 2.988±0.095 vs. 0.997±0.100,P=0.01; HEY cells: 2.404±0.059 vs. 0.901±0.072, P=0.01). But Rac(+) confered the non-invasive cells with LPA response and invasion capability (LPA-induced fold increase of cell migration: OVCAR3 cells: 1.072±0.080 vs. 1.898±0.078, P<0.01; IGROV1 cells: 1.002±0.044 vs. 2.141±0.057, P<0.05). Among Rho GTPases, only Rac activation was different between ovarian cancer cell lines with different metastatic capability after LPA stimulation: Cdc42 could not be activated in both the invasive and non-invasive cell lines. RhoA could be activated in both the invasive and non-invasive cell lines. Rac could be activated by LPA in the invasive ovarian cancer cell lines. However, Rac could not be activated in the non-invasive cell lines.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells through Rac activation.</p>

Epidemiological investigation of cerebral palsy in children aged 1 to 6 years in Xinxiang of Henan province / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To conduct the epidemiological investigation and analysis of cerebral palsy in Xinxiang of Henan Province and to investigate its risk factors in order to provid a basis for further study of etiology and prevention of cerebral palsy information.Methods Cluster sampling survey was carried out among children aged 1-6 years in XinXiang,Henan Province,and the data were analyzed by using SPSS 13.0 statistical analysis software.Results The morbidity of infantile cerebral palsy in Xinxiang of Henan Province was 2.82‰.The prevalence distribution in all age groups was 2.46 ‰-3.11‰(x2 =0.374,P =0.996),and the prevalence rate in male and female was significantly different(x2 =0.139,P =0.709) ; the sex ratio was 1.09 ∶ 1.00.Prevalence rate was slightly lower in urban areas than in rural areas (x2 =0.526,P =0.769).But no significant differences were observed in all of the data above.The incidence of cerebral palsy of children whose mothers did not established perinatal care manual and guidance during pregnancy was 5.86 times of the children whose mothers established perinatal care manual and guidance (x2 =116.806,P =0.000) ;the incidence of cerebral palsy in children whose mothers did not receive regular prenatal care during pregnancy was 5.37 times of the children whose mothers receive regular prenatal care during pregnancy (x2 =43.904,P =0.000);the incidence of cerebral palsy in children who had no neonatal follow-up after birth was 8.55times of the children with neonatal follow-up after birth (x2 =68.987,P =0.000).The incidence of cerebral palsy in children whose developmental disorders were not timely diagnosed and treated medically was 5.39 times the children whose developmental disorders were timely diagnosed and treated (x2 =56.003,P =0.000).The significant differences were observed in all of the data above.In the classification of cerebral palsy,the spastic type was the most (42.1％) ;followed by the dyskinetic (24.6％) ; the mixed (18.8％) ; and the ataxia(14.5％).Conclusions The survey results can reflect current prevalence of infantile cerebral palsy in children aged 1-6 years in XinXiang,and can be served as a basis for further prevention and treatment of cerebral palsy information.

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor expression after epidermal neural crest stem cells transplantation in spinal cord injury of rats / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To explore the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI) after epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSCs) transplantation.Method EPI-NCSCs were isolated from GFP transgenic rats for transplantation.The rat SCI model was made by NYU-II impactor (10 g 25 mm) at T10 level.Then 30 SD rats were randomly divided into blank injury group (group A),DMEM transplantation group (group B),and experimental group (group C).The EPI-NCSCs were transplanted into the injured region one week after SCI.In DMEM group,the DMEM/F12 was used to substitute for the EPI-NCSCs.No treatment was done in blank injury group.The locomotor function was appraised by BBB score every week after transplantation.At sixth week after transplantation,GDNF mRNA and protein expression was detected.Result The BBB score in experimental group was significantly higher than the other two groups from two weeks after transplantation (P＜0.05).The expression of GDNF mRNA and protein in experimental group was significantly higher than the other two groups (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between blank injury group and DMEM transplantation group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of GDNF can be up-regulated by EPI-NCSCs transplantation,which may be one of the mechanisms for EPI-NCSCs repairing SCI.

Effect observation of fexofenadine combined with tripterygium glycosides in treating chronic urticaria / 重庆医学

Objective To study the effect of tripterygium glycosides(TG)in treating urticaria chronica(UC).Methods 91 cases of UC in our hospital from February 2012 to March 2013 were randomly divided into the observation group(45 cases)and the con-trol group(46 cases)according to the digital method.The control group was treated with fexofenadine,while on this basis the obser-vation group was added with TG.The UAS,VAS and LFS scores before and after treatment,curative effects,serum IL-4,IFN-γand IgE levels change and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The VAS,LFS and UAS scores after treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those before treatment and the control group after treatment;the curative effect after 4-week treatment in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group;the IL-4 and IgE levels after treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those before treatment and the control group after treatment;the IFN-γlevel was significantly higher than that before treatment and the control group after treatment,all the differ-ences above were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion TG combined with fexofenadine in the treatment of UC has better effect.

Clinical study of probucol combined with atorvastatin in treatment of stenosis carotid atherosclerosis / 中国医师进修杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of probucol combined with atorvastatin in treatment of stenosis carotid atherosclerosis.MethodsEighty-six patients with stenosis carotid atherosclerosis were separated into two groups with 43 cases each by random digits table.The patients were treated with probucol combined with atorvastatin in observation group and atorvastatin only in control group.The changes of arteriosclerotic plaque and blood fat pre- and poet-treatment were observed.Results There was no significant difference in the levels of lumen area (LN) and intima-media thickness (IMT) pre-treatment between two groups (P＞ 0.05).Compared with pre-treatment,the levels of LN and IMT post-treatment were significantly decreased in observation group(P ＜ 0.05 ),while no significant difference in control group (P ＞0.05).There was significant difference in the levels of LN and IMT post-treatment between two groups [(0.59 ±0.19) cm2 vs.(0.72 ±0.28) cm2,(2.76 ±0.41 ) mm vs.(3.27 ±0.57) mm](P＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the levels of total cholesterol (TC),triacylglycerol (TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) pre-treatment between two groups (P ＞0.05).Compared with pre-treatment,the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C post-treatment were decreased,HDL-C was increased,there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05 ).Post-treatment,the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C in observation group were lower and HDL-C was higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Probucol combined with atorvastatin in treatment of stenosis carotid atherosclerosis can improve arteriosclerotic plaque and low blood fat,which can be applied in clinic.

Diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia / 临床儿科杂志

Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common metabolic problem. The definition and clinical management of neonatal hypoglycemia remains controversial. The concerned reasons are mainly as follows:the course of a physiological decrease and recovery in the level of blood glucose is usually existed in newborn infants after birth;asymptomatic hypoglycemia(many newborn infants' blood glucose level is very low but without any clinical signs or symptoms);and the lack of the complete comprehension for the relationship between neonatal hypoglycemia and the long-term neurologic prognosis. The review describes the etiology,definition and clinical management of hypoglycemia in newborn infants.

Expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway in cervical cancer and clinical significance / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To determine the expression of phosphatidyhnositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (P-AKT) and protein kinase B (AKT) in cervical cancer and explore the correlations with the genesis and development of cervical cancer. Methods Western blot was used to detect the expression of PI3K, P-AKT and AKT proteins in 66 cases of cervical tissues, including 33 cervical cancers, 23 cervical intraepithelial cancer, 10 normal cervical tissues, and analyzed the clinical significances according to clinical informations. Results In cervical cancers, cervical intraepithelial cancer and normal cervical tissues, the expression of PI3K protein were 1.3880±0.0435, 0.5330±0.0939, 0.2427±0.0888 and had significant differences among them, but there was no significant difference in the ratio of P-AKT and AKT, which were 5.8702±0.0543, 5.0755±0.0888, 3.8353±0.0056. The ratios of P-AKT and AKT had association with histological type, the ratios in squamous cancer of the cervix and in adenocancer and denosquamous cancer were 6.7823±0.7745 and 0.7621±0.0709, and the ratios were much higher in squamous cancer of the cervix than adenocancer and denosquamous cancer. Conclusions Overexpression of PI3K protein is involved in the occurrence of human cervical cancer. The ratio of P-AKT and AKT plays a more important role in squamous cancer of the cervix.